In-vehicle networking is rapidly evolving. What was once considered science fiction is quickly becoming science fact. The sheer number of electronic and networking applications is pushing bandwidth limits. In response, automotive manufacturers are adding more complex electronic control units (ECUs). 

To capitalize on the most innovative features, car makers are using ECUs from many different vendors—risking greater interoperability challenges. Often, these ECUs require special cables and network interfaces, which are nonstandard, costly, and high maintenance. Due to this complex mix of cables and interfaces, the wiring harness has become the third costliest and heaviest component in a car after the engine and chassis.